Paraphrasing

Paraphrase: The Sierra Club estimates that the cost of coal power would increase between 40 and 90 percent by capturing and storing carbon (Snell).

Quotation: “Economics is the big hurdle. Carbon capture and storage would raise the cost of coal power by 40 to 90 percent.”

http://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/200701/coal.asp

In 1996 in Norway, the Sleipner Project began as a commercial example of carbon capture and sequestration technology, and was made economically feasible because of their carbon tax (Herzog 4).

“Perhaps the most significant development has been the Sleipner Project, which started up in 1996. It is the first commercial application of emissions avoidance through the use of carbon capture and sequestration technologies. The Sleipner oil and gas field, operated by Statoil, is located in the North Sea about 240 km off the coast of Norway… Solely on the basis of carbon tax savings, the investment was paid back in about one-and-a-half years.”

http://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/EST_web_article.pdf

Scientists have a good idea of how to safely inject the carbon, but potential effects from leakage, shifting, or buildup in the earth remain undefined (Golomb 6).

“Years of technological innovation and experience have given us the tools and expertise to handle and control CO2 in the operational subsystem with adequate certainty and safety; however, that same level of expertise and understanding is largely absent once the CO2 enters the storage reservoir… As such, researchers are now conducting studies to evaluate the likelihood and potential impacts associated with leaks, slow migration and accumulation, and induced seismicity.”

http://web.mit.edu/coal/working_folder/pdfs/encyclopedia_of_energy.pdf

According to one study the oceanic pH would only be lowered by 0.15 units if all of the human-created carbon were injected into the ocean, but even these numbers are just estimations (Golomb 6).

“It is estimated that if all the anthropogenic CO2 that would double the atmospheric concentration were injected into the deep ocean, it would change the ocean carbon concentration by less than 2%, and lower its pH by less than 0.15 units.”

http://web.mit.edu/coal/working_folder/pdfs/encyclopedia_of_energy.pdf